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Types of Anxiety Disorder Medication Medicines can be a useful tool to help manage anxiety symptoms. Psychiatrists are educated in the prescription and use of medications. They can prescribe the right medication to minimize side effects. Typical anxiety disorder treatment is three-pronged and consists of therapy, exercise and medication. SSRIs are the first-choice medication to treat anxiety, but they can take several weeks for them to take effect. SSRIs SSRIs are the drug of choice for the majority of anxiety disorders . The newer SSRIs are less likely to trigger adverse effects than tricyclics older than tricyclics as well as monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) or tricyclic antidepressants. A variety of SSRIs have been approved by FDA to treat generalized anxiety disorder . These include fluoxetine (aka Prozac), paraxetine, (aka Paxil), and sertraline (aka Zoloft), as along with citalopram (aka Celexa). These drugs increase serotonin levels in the brain. They may also aid in the increase of norepinephrine and BDNF. They can be used alone or in conjunction with psychotherapy. SSRIs can have adverse effects, such as nausea and digestive problems, but these usually improve as the body gets used to the medication. The exact mechanism of the SSRIs' effect on anxiety isn't fully understood. It is believed that SSRIs hinder serotonin reuptake by post-synaptic neuron and increase the concentration serotonin within the synaptic gaps. This increases the amount of signals that cross the synapse, which in turn decreases anxiety symptoms. SSRIs can help reduce anxiety and the severity of panic attacks. They also can help with depression and other mental health issues that often co-occur with anxiety disorders. They can be used with psychotherapy or cognitive behavior therapy to improve their effectiveness. In contrast to other classes of antidepressants, SSRIs are not believed to be addictive. However, it is crucial to follow your doctor's instructions exactly. If you suddenly stop taking your medication, it may result in “discontinuation” syndrome and anxiety symptoms to come back. If SSRIs don't work for you, then your physician might suggest another class of antidepressants such as nefazodone, or mirtazapine. These medications are also very efficient, but they carry greater risk of adverse reactions than the more recent SSRIs. SSRIs can interact with certain foods, such as red meat, eggs dairy, some vegetables and fruits. It is recommended to stay clear of these foods if you're taking these medications. Additionally it is recommended to avoid drinking alcohol while taking SSRIs since it can cause more severe side effects. Benzodiazepines Benzodiazepines increase the calming effect of certain chemicals found in the brain and nervous system. They increase the effects of the neurotransmitter gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) which is a chemical which inhibits nerve activity. These drugs can be effective in treating insomnia, anxiety and other psychological disorders. They can be addictive, and should only be used for a short time under medical supervision. They can be harmful when used in a recreational manner, or when mixed with alcohol or other substances. If someone suffers from anxiety disorders, they often turn to medication as their first choice. However this isn't the only option. Psychotherapy, also known as talk therapy, has also been proven to help decrease anxiety symptoms. There are many psychotherapies that can help however the most well-known and effective one is cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT). This kind of therapy helps you to change your thinking and behavior so that you are less stressed. Alprazolam and chlordiazepoxide as well as diazep, clorazepate, lorazepam and quazepam are the most commonly used benzodiazepines. Each one has its own set of side effects, however, they all share similar properties in pharmacology. Clorazepate for instance, is more effective in treating seizure disorders than other benzodiazepines. Lorazepam, on contrary, is more effective at treating anxiety disorders in comparison to quazepam. Although benzodiazepines can be very efficient, they are not recommended for long-term use as they can trigger physical dependence and tolerance. They can also cause withdrawal symptoms, like a heart pounding, sweating, and shaking if you abruptly stop taking them. The symptoms can be unpleasant and last for a few weeks. However they can be reduced by reducing the medication slowly. Benzodiazepines can be very addictive and should be used only for a short time – usually no more than 4 weeks. During this time, you will need to closely monitor your heart rate and blood pressure to ensure you don't suffer a severe withdrawal reaction. Speak to your doctor in the event that you are thinking of taking the use of a drug called benzodiazepine. Beta-blockers Beta-blockers can be employed to treat anxiety-related issues. These drugs stop adrenaline from binding to beta receptors in your nervous system, which prevents the hormone from triggering physical responses such as heart palpitations and tremors. These medications are usually prescribed to treat high blood pressure and other cardiovascular ailments. However they are also available off-label for anxiety. When you feel anxious your body releases a chemical called Adrenaline. This chemical signals the body to prepare itself to fight or flee. Adrenaline is a beta receptor that is found in the heart and brain, causing your heart to beat faster and triggering other physical reactions. Beta-blockers are a class medication used to treat hypertension, and other heart ailments. They are able to block adrenaline's binding. This can help lower the heart rate and blood pressure. Beta-blockers work quickly, unlike SSRIs or benzodiazepines which can take weeks or even months to show a difference in symptoms. They are a great choice for those who require immediate relief from the symptoms of anxiety. For example, those who have to give a public speech or fly in an airplane. They are also a good option for those suffering from anxiety and chronic heart problems, such as atherosclerosis or congestive cardiac failure. Beta-blockers can help reduce physical symptoms of anxiety but they don't address the root causes. They are therefore only prescribed in conjunction with an extensive treatment plan that incorporates lifestyle changes and counseling. However, they are an effective option for those who have tried other anti-anxiety drugs and do not find them to be effective or have intolerable side effects. There are a variety of different kinds of beta-blockers, such as propranolol and atenolol. Your doctor will decide the best beta-blocker for you, based on your medical history and current health condition. The use of these medicines can cause side effects, such as fatigue or low blood pressure It is therefore important to discuss your treatment options with your doctor. MAOIs Developed in the 1950s, monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) are effective antidepressants that can treat anxiety and depression. However, they aren't used as frequently as SSRIs or other antidepressants due to the requirement for strict dietary restrictions and the potential for interactions with other drugs. Some MAOIs can be taken by mouth in tablet form, while others (such as Emsam) come in the form of a transdermal patch that's applied to the skin each day. MAOIs block the action of MAO and increase the amount of norepinephrine as well as serotonin in the brain. These neurotransmitters are involved in sleep, mood, appetite, and sexual function. MAOIs also have effects on anxiety. However, they are more likely to cause adverse effects than TCAs and SSRIs and are accompanied by warnings on suicide in a box. In addition to the MAOIs listed below, your doctor might prescribe other medications or treatments that can help manage your symptoms. For instance, a beta blocker (such as propranolol) is often prescribed to ease the physical symptoms of anxiety. Your doctor may suggest a relaxation technique, or other home treatments to alleviate your symptoms. Iproniazid was the first MAOI discovered in 1952 as part of research into tuberculosis. It was soon discovered to have mood-enhancing properties and is considered the first antidepressant medication. Generally, MAOIs are only used when other antidepressants don't work, as they may cause serious side effects that require immediate medical attention. It can cause a dangerous reaction that results in high blood pressure if you take an MAOI when you eat foods that contain tyramine. Tyramine is present in a wide variety of red meats and cheeses as well as in fish, shellfish and a few dietary supplements. This severe reaction can cause a throbbing head pain, nausea, vomiting and a rapid heartbeat. MAOIs can also interact with other medications and can cause serious side effects, such as suicidal thoughts or behavior. Before prescribing MAOIs to you, your doctor will discuss with you what foods to avoid. They will advise you against eating foods that contain tyramine when taking the medication. They will also give a list of foods that are safe to eat while on MAOIs. This food guide can help stay clear of MAOI-related side effects.